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| Initially copied from: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church Timeline_of_the_Catholic_ChurchWikipedia]
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| | ! Year |
| | ! Event |
| | ! detail |
| | ! Category |
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| {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2013}}
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| As the oldest branch of Christianity, along with [[Eastern Orthodoxy]],<ref>The [[Eastern Orthodox]] and some other churches are also apostolic in origin — i.e., they also date their origins back to the founding of the Church at the time of the [[Apostles]]</ref> the [[history of the Catholic Church]] plays an integral part of the [[history of Christianity]] as a whole. This article covers a period of just under 2,000 years.
| | | 1962 |
| | | Second Vatican Council Convened |
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| Over time, [[Schism (religion)|schisms]] have disrupted the unity of Christianity. The major divisions occurred in c.144 with [[Marcionism]],<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Marcionites}}: "...they were perhaps the most dangerous foe Christianity has ever known."</ref> 318 with [[Arianism]], in 1054 the [[East–West Schism]] of the Catholic Church with the Eastern Orthodox churches and in 1517 with the [[Protestant Reformation]]. The Catholic Church has been the moving force in some of the major events of world history including the evangelization of Europe and Latin America, the spreading of literacy and the foundation of the universities, hospitals, Western [[monasticism]], the development of art, music, literature, architecture, the [[scientific method]], and [[trial by jury]]. Also playing a role in world affairs including, the [[Inquisition]], the [[Crusades]], an analytical philosophical method, and the downfall of communism in Eastern Europe in the late 20th century.
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| | | 1971 |
| | | General Directory of Catechesis Congregation for the Clergy |
| | | Congregation for the Clergy |
| | | PCCD |
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| ==Ministry of Jesus and founding==
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| {{Main|Chronology of Jesus}}
| | | 1971 |
| [[File:Christ pantocrator daphne1090-1100.jpg|thumb|right|225px|Byzantine image depicting Jesus as Christ ''pantocrator'']]
| | | To Teach as Jesus Did |
| | | USCCB |
| | | PCCD |
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| * ''c.'' 4 BC: [[Nativity of Jesus]]. According to the Gospel of Luke, his birth occurred in the town of [[Bethlehem]] during the reigns of King [[Herod the Great]] of [[Judea|Judaea]] and the Roman Emperor [[Augustus]], and he was the son of the [[Mary, the mother of Jesus|Virgin Mary]], who conceived him by the power of the [[Holy Spirit]]. Christians see Him as the Divine [[Son of God]] [[incarnate]] or [[God the Son]].
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| :*Although the calculations of [[Dionysius Exiguus]] put the birth of Jesus in the year that in consequence is called AD 1, history places his birth more likely some time between 6 and 4 BC.
| | | 1973 |
| | | Basic Teachings for Catholic Religious Education |
| | | USCCB |
| | | PCCD |
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| * ''c.'' 28: Jesus' baptism, start of ministry, and selection of the Apostles. The Gospel of Luke indicates that Christ was baptized during the 15th reign of Tiberius Caesar which is dated in 28 AD (found in Luke 3:1,21,22). Christian Gospels strongly suggest Peter as leader and spokesman of the Apostles of Jesus, being mentioned the most number of times in the Gospels. Peter, and the sons of Zebedee, James and John, constitute the inner circle of the Apostles of Jesus, being witnesses to specific important events of the life of Jesus; preachings of Jesus, such as the [[Sermon on the Mount]]; and performance of miracles, such as raising the dead back to life, feeding five-thousand, walking on water, etc.
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| | | 1975 |
| | | Evangelii nuntiandi |
| | | Apostolic Exhortation (Paul VI) |
| | | PCCD |
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| * ''c.'' 31: Peter declares and other followers believe Jesus of Nazareth to be the Jewish Messiah promised by Yahweh according to the Jewish Scriptures and the predictions of the Hebrew prophets. Entry into Jerusalem, start of Passion of Christ. Jesus of Nazareth is [[crucifixion|crucified]] in [[Jerusalem]] under [[Pontius Pilate]], [[procurator (Roman)|procurator]] of [[Judea]] during the reign of [[Tiberius]] and [[Herod Antipas]], after the [[Sanhedrin]], under the High Priest [[Caiaphas]], accuse Jesus of blasphemy. He was then crucified under [[Pontius Pilate]]. According to his followers, three days later, "God raised him from the dead". Forty days after his [[Resurrection of Jesus|resurrection]] ([[Ascension of Jesus Christ|Ascension]]), the Christian Gospels narrate that [[Great Commission|Jesus instructed His disciples]] thus: "All authority has been given to me in heaven and on earth. Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of time." (Matthew 28:18–20). Ten days later ([[Pentecost]]) Peter makes the first sermon converting 3,000 to be baptized.
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| | | 1979 |
| | | Catechesi tradendae |
| | | Apostolic Exhortation (JP2) |
| | | PCCD |
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| ==Early Christianity==
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| {{Main|History of early Christianity}}
| | | 1979 |
| * ''c.'' 34: [[St. Stephen]], the first Christian [[martyr]], is stoned to death in Jerusalem.
| | | Sharing the Light of Faith |
| * ''c.'' 50: [[Council of Jerusalem]] determines that [[Gentile]] converts to Christianity do not have to abide by [[Mosaic Laws]]. This begins the separation between Christianity and Judaism.<ref name=chadwickhenry23and24>Chadwick, Henry, pp. 23–24.</ref>
| | | USCCB |
| * ''c.'' 52: Traditional arrival of St. Thomas, the Apostle in India.
| | | PCCD |
| * ''c.'' 64: Christian persecution begins under [[Emperor Nero]] after the [[Great Fire of Rome|great fire of Rome]]. Persecution continues intermittently until 313 AD.
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| * ''c.'' 70: Fall of Jerusalem and the destruction of the [[Temple]].
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| * ''c.'' 72: Martyrdom of [[Thomas the Apostle|St. Thomas]] the Apostle at [[Mylapore]].
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| * ''c.'' 96: Traditional date of [[First Epistle of Clement]] attributed to [[Pope Clement I]] written to the church of Corinth.
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| * ''c.'' 100: [[John the Evangelist|St. John]], the last of the Apostles, dies in Ephesus.<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle= St. John the Evangelist}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/JOHNEVAN.HTM St. John the Evangelist], ewtn.com, retrieved September 30, 2006</ref>
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| * ''c.'' 110: [[Ignatius of Antioch]] uses the term Catholic Church in a letter to the Church at [[Smyrna]], one of the letters of undisputed authenticity attributed to him. In this and other genuine letters he insists on the importance of the [[bishop]]s in the Church and speaks harshly about [[heresy|heretics]] and [[Judaizers]].
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| * ''c.'' 150: [[Latin]] translations (the ''[[Vetus Latina]]'') from the Greek texts of the [[Bible|Scriptures]] are circulated among non-Greek-speaking Christian communities.
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| * ''c.'' 155: The teachings of [[Marcion]], the [[gnosticism|gnostic]] [[Valentinus (Gnostic)|Valentinus]] and [[pentecostal]] [[Montanism|Montanists]] cause disruptions in the Roman community. Persecution of Christians in the [[Roman Empire]] continues.
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| * ''c.'' 180: [[Irenaeus]]'s ''[[On the Detection and Overthrow of the So-Called Gnosis|Adversus Haereses]]'' brings the concept of "[[heresy]]" further to the fore in the first systematic attempt to counter [[Gnosticism|Gnostic]] and other aberrant teachings.
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| * ''c.'' 195: [[Pope Victor I]], first African Pope, excommunicated the [[Quartodecimanism|Quartodecimans]] in an [[Easter controversy]].
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| * ''c.'' 200: [[Tertullian]], first great Christian Latin writer, coined for Christian concepts Latin terms such as [[Trinity|"Trinitas"]], [[Persona|"Tres Personae"]], [[Consubstantial|"Una Substantia"]], [[Sacrament|"Sacramentum"]]
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| * ''c.'' 250: [[Pope Fabian]] is said to have sent out seven bishops from Rome to [[Gaul]] to preach the Gospel: [[Gatianus of Tours|Gatien]] to [[Tours]], [[Trophimus of Arles|Trophimus]] to [[Arles]], [[Paul of Narbonne|Paul]] to [[Narbonne]], [[Saturnin]] to [[Toulouse]], [[Denis]] to Paris, [[Austromoine]] to [[Clermont-Ferrand|Clermont]], and [[Saint Martial|Martial]] to Limoges.
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| * January 20, 250: Emperor [[Decius]] begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. [[Pope Fabian]] is martyred. Afterwards the [[Donatism|Donatist]] controversy over readmitting lapsed Christians disaffects many in North Africa.
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| * October 28, 312: [[Constantine I (emperor)|Emperor Constantine]] leads the forces of the Roman Empire to victory at the [[Battle of the Milvian Bridge]]. Tradition has it that, the night before the battle, Constantine had a vision that he would achieve victory if he fought under the Symbol of Christ; accordingly, his soldiers bore on their shields the [[Labarum|Chi-Rho]] sign composed of the first two letters of the Greek word for "Christ" (ΧΡΙΣΤΌΣ).
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| ==313–476==
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| [[File:Constantine Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|200px|Head of Constantine's colossal statue at [[Musei Capitolini]]]]
| | | 1981 |
| | | Familiaris consortio |
| | | Apostolic Exhortation (JP2) |
| | | PCCD |
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| * 313: The [[Edict of Milan]] declares the Roman Empire neutral towards religious views, in effect ending the persecution of Christians.<ref>McMullen, p. 44.</ref>
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| * 318: [[Arius]] condemned and excommunicated by a council convened by [[Pope Alexander I of Alexandria|Alexander, bishop of Alexandria]].<ref name="roman-emperors.org">[http://www.roman-emperors.org/conniei.htm De Imperatoribus Romanis – Constantine I], retrieved February 23, 2007</ref>
| | | 1984 |
| * 321: Granting the Church the right to hold property, Constantine donates the palace of the Laterani to [[Pope Miltiades]]. The [[Lateran Basilica]] (Basilica of Our Savior) becomes the episcopal seat of the Bishop of Rome.
| | | Reconciliatio et paenitentia |
| *November 3, 324: Constantine lays the foundations of the new capital of the Roman Empire in [[Byzantium]], later to be known as ''[[Constantinople]]''.
| | | Apostolic Exhortation (JP2) |
| * 325: The [[Arianism|Arian controversy]] erupts in Alexandria, causing widespread violence and disruptions among Christians.
| | | PCCD |
| * 325: The [[First Council of Nicaea|First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea]], convened as a response to the Arian controversy, establishes the [[Nicene Creed]], declaring the belief of orthodox [[Trinitarianism|Trinitarian Christians]] in the Holy [[Trinity]].<ref>Duffy, p. 29.</ref>
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| *November 18, 326: [[Pope Sylvester I]] consecrates the [[Basilica of St. Peter]] built by Constantine the Great over the tomb of the Apostle.
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| * 360: [[Julian the Apostate]] becomes the last non-Christian Roman Emperor.
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| * February 380: Emperor [[Theodosius I]] issues an edict, ''De Fide Catolica'', in Thessalonica, published in Constantinople, declaring Catholic Christianity as the [[state religion]] of the Roman Empire.<ref>Duffy, p. 30.</ref>
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| * 381: [[First Council of Constantinople|First Ecumenical Council of Constantinople]].
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| * 382: The [[Council of Rome]] under [[Pope Damasus I]] sets the [[Biblical canon|Canon]] of the [[Bible]], listing the accepted books of the [[Old Testament]] and the [[New Testament]]. No others are to be considered scripture.
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| * 391: The [[Theodosius I|Theodosian decrees]] outlaw most [[Ancient Roman religion|pagan]] rituals still practiced in Rome, thereby encouraging much of the population to convert to Christianity.
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| * 400: [[Jerome]]'s [[Vulgate]] Latin Bible translation is published. This remained the standard text in the Catholic world until the [[Renaissance]], was used in Catholic services until the late 20th century, and remains an influence on modern [[vernacular]] translations.
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| * August 24, 410: Sack of Rome. [[Alaric I|Alaric]] and his [[Visigoths]] burst in by the Porta Salaria on the northeast of the city Rome.
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| * 431: The Ecumenical [[Council of Ephesus]] declares that Jesus existed both as Man and God simultaneously, clarifying his status in the Holy Trinity. The meaning of the Nicene Creed is also declared a permanent holy text of the church.
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| * October 8, 451: Ecumenical [[Council of Chalcedon]] opens.
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| * November 1, 451: The Council of Chalcedon, the fourth ecumenical council, closes. The [[Chalcedonian Creed]] is issued, which re-asserts Jesus as True God and True Man and the dogma of the Virgin Mary as the Mother of God. The council [[excommunication|excommunicates]] [[Eutyches]], leading to the schism with [[Oriental Orthodoxy]].
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| * 452: [[Pope Leo I]] (the Great) meets [[Attila the Hun]] and dissuades him from sacking Rome.
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| * 455: [[Sack of Rome (455)|Sack of Rome]] by the [[Vandals]]. The spoils of the [[Temple of Herod|Temple of Jerusalem]] previously taken by [[Titus]] are allegedly among the treasures taken to [[Carthage]].
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| * September 4, 476: Emperor [[Romulus Augustus]] is deposed in Rome, marked by many as the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The focus of the early Church switches to expanding in the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the [[Byzantine Empire]], with its capital at [[Constantinople]].
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| ==477–799==
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| [[File:Meister von San Vitale in Ravenna 004.jpg|right|thumb|Justinian I depicted on a [[mosaic]] in the church of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy]]
| | | 1986 |
| * 480: Traditional birth of [[St Benedict]], author of a [[Monastic Rule]], setting out regulations for the establishment of monasteries.
| | | The Challenge of Adolescent Catechesis |
| * 496: [[Clovis I]] pagan King of the [[Franks]], converts to the Catholic faith.
| | | USCCB |
| * 502: [[Pope Symmachus]] ruled that laymen should no longer vote for the popes and that only higher clergy should be considered eligible.
| | | PCCD |
| * 529: The Codex Justinianus ([[Code of Justinian]]) completed. First part of Corpus Iuris Civilis (Body of Civil Law).
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| * January 2, 533: Mercurius becomes [[Pope John II]]. He becomes the first pope to take a regnal name. John II obtains valuable gifts as well as a profession of orthodox faith from the Byzantine emperor [[Justinian]].
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| * 533: The Digest, or Pandects, was issued; second part of Corpus Iuris Civilis (Body of Civil Law). The Institutes, third part of Corpus Iuris Civilis (Body of Civil Law) comes into force of law.
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| * 536: [[Belisarius]] recaptures Rome.
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| * 553: [[Second Ecumenical Council of Constantinople]] condemned the errors of [[Origen of Alexandria]], the ''[[Three Chapters]]'', and confirmed the first four general councils.
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| * 590: [[Pope Gregory I|Pope Gregory the Great]]. Reforms [[ecclesiastical]] structure and administration. Establishes [[Gregorian chant]]. Was also elected. (To be Pope)
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| * 596: Saint [[Augustine of Canterbury]] sent by Pope Gregory to evangelize the pagan English.
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| * 638: Christian [[Jerusalem]] and [[Syria]] conquered by Muslims.
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| * 642: [[Egypt]] falls to the Muslims, followed by the rest of North Africa.
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| * 664: The [[Synod of Whitby]] unites the [[Celtic Christianity|Celtic Church]] in England with the Catholic Church.
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| * 680: [[Third Council of Constantinople]] puts an end to [[Monothelitism]].
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| * 685: The Maradites used their power and importance to choose [[John Maron]], one of their own, as Patriarch of Antioch and all the East. John received the approval of [[Pope Sergius I]], and became the first [[Maronite]] Patriarch.
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| * 698: St [[Willibrord]] commissioned by [[Pope Sergius I]] as bishop of the Frisians (Netherlands). Willibrord establishes a church in [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]].
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| * 711: Muslim armies invade Spain.
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| * 718: [[Saint Boniface]], an Englishman, given commission by [[Pope Gregory II]] to evangelise the [[Germany|Germans]].
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| * 726: [[Iconoclasm]] begins in the eastern Empire. The destruction of images persists until 843.
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| * 732: Muslim advance into Western Europe halted by [[Charles Martel]] at [[Poitiers]], France.
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| * 751: Lombards abolish the Exarchate of Ravenna effectively ending last vestiges of Byzantine rule in central Italy and Rome.
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| * 756: Popes granted independent rule of Rome by King [[Pepin the Short]] of the [[Franks]], in the [[Donation of Pepin]]. Birth of the [[Papal States]].
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| * 787: Second Ecumenical Council of Nicaea resolved [[Iconoclasm]].
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| * 793: Sacking of the monastery of [[Lindisfarne]] marks the beginning of [[Viking]] raids on Christian Europe.
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| ==800–1453==
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| * December 25, 800: King [[Charlemagne]] of the [[Franks]] is crowned [[Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Emperor]] of the West by [[Pope Leo III]] in [[St. Peter's Basilica]].
| | | 1988 |
| * 829: [[Ansgar]] begins missionary work in Sweden near [[Stockholm]].
| | | Adult Catechesis in the Christian Community |
| * 863: [[Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius]] sent by the [[Patriarch of Constantinople]] to evangelise the [[Slavic peoples]]. They translate the Bible into [[Old Church Slavonic|Slavonic]].
| | | COINCAT |
| * 869: [[Fourth Ecumenical Council of Constantinople]] condemns [[Photios I of Constantinople|Photius]]. This council and succeeding general councils are denied by the Eastern Orthodox Churches.
| | | PCCD |
| * 910: Great [[Benedictine]] monastery of [[Cluny]] rejuvenates western [[monasticism]]. Monasteries spread throughout the isolated regions of Western Europe.
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| * 966: [[Mieszko I of Poland]] converts to Catholicism, beginning the [[Baptism of Poland]].
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| * 988: [[Vladimir I of Kiev|St. Vladimir I the Great]] is baptized; becomes the first Christian Grand Duke of [[Kiev]].
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| * 1012: [[Burchard of Worms]] completes his twenty-volume ''Decretum'' of [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|Canon law]].
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| * July 16, 1054: [[Liturgy|Liturgical]], linguistic, and political divisions cause a permanent split between the Eastern and Western Churches, known as the [[East–West Schism]] or the Great Schism. The three legates, [[Humbert of Mourmoutiers]], [[Frederick of Lorraine]], and [[Peter, archbishop of Amalfi]], entered the Cathedral of the [[Hagia Sophia]] during mass on a Saturday afternoon and placed a [[papal Bull]] of Excommunication on the altar against the Patriarch [[Michael I Cerularius]]. The legates left for Rome two days later, leaving behind a city near riots.
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| * November 27, 1095: [[Pope Urban II]] preaches to defend the eastern Christians, and [[pilgrim]]s to the [[Holy Land]], at the [[Council of Clermont]].
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| * 1098: Foundation of the reforming monastery of [[Cîteaux]], leads to the growth of the [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] order.
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| * 1099: [[Siege of Jerusalem (1099)|Retaking of Jerusalem]] by the 1st Crusade, followed by a massacre of the remaining non-Christian inhabitants, and the establishment of the [[Crusader kingdoms]], in Latin bishops are appointed to dioceses still largely populated by the Orthodox.
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| [[File:Paris_Notre-Dame,_July_2001.jpg|thumb|350px|Notre-Dame Cathedral – designed in the Gothic architectural style.]]
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| * 1123: [[First Council of the Lateran|First Ecumenical Lateran Council]].
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| * 1139: [[Second Council of the Lateran|Second Ecumenical Lateran Council]].
| | | 1988 |
| * 1144: The [[Saint Denis Basilica]] of [[Abbot Suger]] is the first major building in the style of [[Gothic architecture]].
| | | The Christian Initiation for Children of Catechetical Age |
| * 1150: Publication of ''[[Decretum Gratiani]]''.
| | | USCCB |
| * 1179: [[Third Council of the Lateran|Third Ecumenical Lateran Council]].
| | | PCCD |
| * 1182: The [[Maronite]] Church reaffirms its unbroken communion with the [[Holy See]].
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| * October 2, 1187: The [[Siege of Jerusalem (1187)|Siege of Jerusalem]]. [[Ayyubid]] forces led by [[Saladin]] capture Jerusalem, prompting the [[Third Crusade]].
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| * January 8, 1198: Lotario de' Conti di Segni elected [[Pope Innocent III]]. His pontificate is often considered the height of the temporal power of the papacy.
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| * April 13, 1204: [[Fourth Crusade#Final capture of Constantinople|Sack of Constantinople]] by the [[Fourth Crusade]]. Beginning of [[Latin Empire of Constantinople]].
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| * 1205: [[Saint Francis of Assisi]] becomes a [[hermit]], founding the [[Franciscan]] order of [[friar]]s.
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| * November 11, 1215: [[Fourth Council of the Lateran|Fourth Ecumenical Lateran Council]] opened by Pope Innocent III.
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| * November 30, 1215: Fourth Ecumenical Lateran Council is closed by Pope Innocent III. Seventy decrees were approved, the definition of [[transubstantiation]] being among them.
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| * 1216: The [[Order of Preachers]] (Dominican Order) founded by [[Saint Dominic]] is approved as a body of Canons Regular by [[Pope Honorius III]] on December 22 (Pope Innocent III having died in July).
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| * 1229: [[Inquisition]] founded in response to the [[Cathar heresy]], at the [[Council of Toulouse]].
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| * 1231: Charter of the [[University of Paris]] granted by [[Pope Gregory IX]].
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| * 1241: The death of [[Ögedei Khan]], the Great Khan of the [[Mongols]], prevented the Mongols from further advancing into Europe after their easy victories over the combined Christian armies in the [[Battle of Legnica|Battle of Liegnitz]] (in present-day Poland) and [[Battle of Mohi]] (in present-day Hungary).
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| * 1245: [[First Council of Lyon]]. Excommunicated and deposed Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]].
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| * 1274: [[Second Council of Lyon]]; Catholic and Orthodox Churches temporarily reunited. [[Thomas Aquinas]] dies.
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| * 1295: [[Marco Polo]] arrives home in Venice.
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| * February 22, 1300: [[Pope Boniface VIII]] published the Bull "[[Antiquorum fida relatio]]"; first recorded Holy Year of the Jubilee celebrated.
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| * November 18, 1302: Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull ''[[Unam sanctam]]''.
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| * 1305: French influence causes the Pope to move from Rome to [[Avignon]].
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| * August 12, 1308: Pope Clement V issues the Bull ''Regnans in coelis'' calling a general council to meet on October 1, 1310, at Vienne in France for the purpose "of making provision in regard to the Order of Knights Templar, both the individual members and its lands, and in regard to other things in reference to the Catholic Faith, the Holy Land, and the improvement of the Church and of ecclesiastical persons".
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| * August 17–20, 1308: The leaders of the [[Knights Templar]] are [[Chinon Parchment|secretly absolved]] by Pope Clement V after their interrogation was carried out by papal agents to verify claims against the accused in the castle of Chinon in the [[diocese of Tours]].
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| * October 16, 1311: The first formal session of the [[Council of Vienne|Ecumenical Council of Vienne]] begins under Pope Clement V.
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| * March 22, 1312: Clement V promulgates the Bull ''Vox in excelsis'' suppressing the [[Knights Templar]].
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| * May 6, 1312: The Ecumenical [[Council of Vienne]] is closed on the third formal session.
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| * May 26, 1328: [[William of Ockham]] flees Avignon. Later, he was excommunicated by Pope John XXII, whom Ockham accused of heresy.
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| * 1370: Saint [[Catherine of Siena]] calls on the Pope to return to Rome.
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| * 1378: [[Antipope Clement VII]] (Avignon) elected against [[Pope Urban VI]] (Rome) precipitating the [[Western Schism]].
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| * 1387: [[Lithuania]]ns were the last in Europe to accept the Catholic faith.
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| * c. 1412–1431: St. [[Joan of Arc]], a peasant girl from France, has visions from God telling her to lead her countrymen to reclaim their land from the English. After success in battle she is captured by the English in 1431 and is condemned as a heretic and was executed by burning at the age of 19. Later investigation authorized by Pope Callixtus III would conclude she was innocent and a martyr.
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| * 1440: [[Johannes Gutenberg]] completes his wooden [[printing press]] using moveable metal type revolutionizing the spread of knowledge by cheaper and faster means of reproduction. Soon results in the large scale production of religious books including Bibles.
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| * May 29, 1453: [[Fall of Constantinople]].
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| ==1454–1600==
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| [[File:Michelangelo's Pieta 5450 cropncleaned edit.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Michelangelo's ''[[Pietà (Michelangelo)|Pietà]]'' in St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City]]
| | | 1990 |
| * 1492: [[Christopher Columbus]] reaches the Americas.
| | | Guidelines for Doctrinally Sound Catechetical Materials |
| * 1493: With the ''[[Inter caetera]]'', [[Pope Alexander VI]] awards sole [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|colonial]] rights over most of the New World to Spain.
| | | USCCB |
| *January 22, 1506: Kaspar von Silenen and first contingent of Swiss mercenaries enter the Vatican during the reign of Pope Julius II. Traditional date of founding of the [[Swiss Guards]].
| | | PCCD |
| * April 18, 1506: [[Pope Julius II]] lays cornerstone of New Basilica of St. Peter.
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| * 1508: [[Michelangelo]] starts painting the [[Sistine Chapel ceiling]].
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| * October 31, 1517: [[Martin Luther]] posts his [[95 Theses]], protesting the sale of [[indulgences]].
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| * 1516: Saint Sir [[Thomas More]] publishes ''[[Utopia (book)|Utopia]]'' in Latin.
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| * 1519: [[Spanish conquest of Mexico]] by [[Hernán Cortés]].
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| * January 3, 1521: [[Martin Luther]] finally excommunicated by [[Pope Leo X]] in the bull [[Decet Romanum Pontificem]].
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| * 1521: Baptism of the first Catholics in the Philippines, the first Christian nation in Southeast Asia. This event is commemorated with the feast of the [[Sto. Niño]].
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| * October 17, 1521: Pope Leo X confers the title [[Fidei Defensor]] to [[Tudor dynasty|Tudor]] [[Henry VIII of England|King Henry VIII of England]] for his defense of the seven sacraments and the supremacy of the pope in [[Assertio Septem Sacramentorum]] against [[Protestantism]].
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| * May 6, 1527: [[Sack of Rome (1527)|Sack of Rome]].
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| * 1531: [[Our Lady of Guadalupe]] appears to [[Juan Diego]] in Mexico.
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| * November 16, 1532: [[Francisco Pizarro]] captures [[Atahualpa]]. Conquest of [[Incan Empire]].
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| * August 15, 1534: [[Saint Ignatius of Loyola]] and six others, including [[Francis Xavier]] met in [[Montmartre]], then just outside Paris, to found the missionary [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit Order]].
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| * October 30, 1534: [[English Parliament]] passes [[Act of Supremacy]] making the King of England [[Supreme Head of the Church of England]]. [[Anglican]] schism with Rome.
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| * 1535: [[Michelangelo]] starts painting the ''[[The Last Judgment (Michelangelo)|Last Judgement]]'' in the [[Sistine Chapel]].
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| * 1536 To 1540: [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]] in England, Wales and Ireland.
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| * December 17, 1538: [[Pope Paul III]] excommunicates King [[Henry VIII of England]].
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| * 1540: Pope Paul III confirmed the order of the [[Society of Jesus]].
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| * July 21, 1542: Pope Paul III, with the Constitution ''Licet ab initio'', established the [[Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition]].
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| * 1543: A full account of the heliocentric [[Heliocentrism|Copernican]] theory titled, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium) is published. Considered as the start of the Scientific Revolution.
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| * December 13, 1545: Ecumenical [[Council of Trent]] convened during the pontificate of Paul III, to prepare the Catholic response to the [[Protestant Reformation]]. Its rulings set the tone of Catholic society for at least three centuries.
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| * December 4, 1563: Ecumenical Council of Trent closed. The decrees were confirmed on January 26, 1564, by Pius IV in the Bull "Benedictus Deus".
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| * 1568: [[St. John Chrysostom]], [[St. Basil]], [[Gregory Nazianzus|St. Gregory Nazianzus]], [[St. Athanasius]] and [[St. Thomas Aquinas]] are made [[Doctor of the Church|Doctors of the Church]].
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| * July 14, 1570: Pope St. Pius V issues the Apostolic Constitution on the [[Tridentine Mass]], Quo Primum.
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| * October 7, 1571: Christian fleet of the Holy League defeats the Ottoman Turks in the [[Battle of Lepanto (1571)|Battle of Lepanto]].
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| * 1577: [[Teresa of Ávila]] writes ''The Interior Castle'', one of the classic works of Catholic [[mysticism]].
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| * February 24, 1582: Pope Gregory XIII issues the Bull ''[[Inter gravissimas]]'' reforming the [[Julian calendar]].
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| * October 4, 1582: The [[Gregorian calendar]] is first adopted by Italy, Spain, and Portugal. October 4 is followed by October 15 – ten days are removed.
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| * September 28, 1586: Domenico Fontana successfully finished re-erecting the Vatican Obelisk at its present site in St. Peter's Square. Hailed as a great technical achievement of its time.
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| * 1593: [[Robert Bellarmine]] finishes his ''Disputationes de controversiis christianae fidei''.
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| * 1598: Papal role in [[Peace of Vervins]].
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| ==1600–1800==
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| * 1600: [[Pope Clement VIII]] sanctions use of coffee despite petition by priests to ban the Muslim drink as "the devil's drink".{{citation needed|date = August 2014}} The Pope tried a cup and declared it "so delicious that it would be a pity to let the infidels have exclusive use of it. We shall cheat Satan by baptizing it."<ref>[http://www.newpartisan.com/home/suave-molecules-of-mocha-coffee-chemistry-and-civilization.html "Suave Molecules of Mocha"] Coffee, Chemistry, and Civilization, ''New Partisan – A Journal of Culture, Arts and Politics'', March 7, 2005, retrieved October 23, 2006</ref>
| | | 1992 |
| * 1614: [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] bans Christianity from Japan.
| | | Catechism of the Catholic Church |
| * April 19, 1622: [[Pope Gregory XV]] makes Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu a cardinal upon the nomination of King [[Louis XIII of France]] – becoming [[Cardinal Richelieu]]. His influence and policies greatly impact the course of European politics.
| | | Papal Commission |
| * November 18, 1626: [[Pope Urban VIII]] solemnly dedicates the New Basilica of St. Peter 1,300 years after the first Constantinian basilica was consecrated by [[Pope Sylvester I]].
| | | PCCD |
| * 1633: Trial of [[Galileo]], after which he is sentenced to [[house arrest]].
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| * 1638: [[Shimabara Rebellion]] leads to a further repression of Catholics, and all Christians, in Japan.
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| * 1653: The [[Coonan Cross Oath]] was taken by a group of [[Saint Thomas Christians]] against the Portuguese.
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| * September 12, 1683: [[Battle of Vienna]]. Decisive victory of the army of the [[Holy League (1684)|Holy League]], under King [[John III Sobieski]] of Poland, over the Ottoman Turks, under Grand Vizier Merzifonlu [[Kara Mustafa]] Pasha. The Turks do not threaten Western Europe militarily again.
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| * 1685: [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]] revokes the [[Edict of Nantes]], and large numbers of [[Huguenot]] refugees leave France.
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| * 1691: [[Pope Innocent XII]] declares against [[nepotism]] and [[simony]].
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| * 1713: [[Encyclical]] ''[[Unigenitus]]'' condemns [[Jansenism]].
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| * 1715: [[Pope Clement XI]] rules against the Jesuits in the [[Chinese Rites controversy]].Reversed by [[Pius XII]] in 1939
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| * 1721: [[Kangxi Emperor]] bans Christian missions in China.
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| * April 28, 1738: [[Pope Clement XII]] publishes the Bull ''[http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Clem12/c15inemengl.htm In Eminenti]'' forbidding Catholics from joining, aiding, socializing or otherwise directly or indirectly helping the organizations of [[Freemasonry]] and Freemasons under pain of excommunication. Membership to any secret society would also incur the penalty of excommunication.
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| * 1738: [[Grey Nuns]] founded.
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| * 1740–1758:[[Pope Benedict XIV]],appointed first women as professors to Papal Universities in Bologna, reformed canonization procedures, intellectual open to all sciences;
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| * 1769: [[Passionist]] [[Religious institute (Catholic)|religious institute]] granted full rights by [[Pope Clement XIV]].
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| * 1769: [[Junípero Serra]] establishes [[Mission San Diego de Alcalá]], the first of the [[Spanish missions in California]].
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| {{Social teachings of the popes}}
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| * 1773: [[Suppression of the Jesuits]] by [[Pope Clement XIV]], already excluded from many states. Only in the [[Russian Empire]] are they able to remain.
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| * 1789: [[John Carroll (priest)|John Carroll]] becomes the [[Bishop of Baltimore]], the first bishop in the United States.
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| * 1793: [[French Revolution]] institutes [[anti-clerical]] measures.
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| * 1798: [[Pope Pius VI]] taken prisoner by the armies of [[Napoleon I]], dies in captivity in France.
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|
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|
| ==19th century==
| | |- |
| * 1800–1823: [[Pope Pius VII]]
| | | 1997 |
| * July 16, 1802: French Concordat of 1801. The Catholic Church re-established in France.
| | | General Directory for Catechesis |
| * December 2, 1804: Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of the French in the Cathedral of [[Notre Dame, Paris]], in the presence of Pope Pius VII.
| | | Congregation for the Clergy |
| * 1846: [[Pope Pius IX]] begins his reign. During his reign he asks that an antiCatholic document written by Freemasons known as the [[Alta Vendita]] be distributed to alert Catholic officials of possible Masonic infiltration.
| | | PCCD |
| * 1847: The [[Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem]] resumes residence in Jerusalem.
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| * 1850: The [[Archdiocese of Westminster]] and twelve other dioceses are set up, re-establishing a Catholic hierarchy in the United Kingdom against intense political opposition.
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| * 1852: The First [[Plenary Council of Baltimore]] is held in the United States.
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| * 1854: [[Dogma (Roman Catholic)|Dogma]] of the [[Immaculate Conception]] by [[Pope Pius IX]]
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| * 1858: Apparitions in [[Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes|Lourdes]].
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| * December 8, 1869: [[Pope Pius IX]] opens the [[First Vatican Council|First Ecumenical Council of the Vatican]]
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| * July 18, 1870 – The Dogmatic Constitution of the Church of Christ from the fourth session of Vatican I, "Pastor Aeternus", issues the dogma of [[papal infallibility]] among other issues before the fall of Rome in the [[Franco-Prussian War]] causes it to end prematurely and brings an end to the [[Papal States]]. Controversy over several issues leads to the formation of the [[Old Catholic Church]]. This council was not formally closed until 1960 by Pope John XXIII in preparation for the Second Vatican Council.
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| * 1879: Encyclical [[Aeterni Patris]], by [[Pope Leo XIII]], prepares a revival of [[thomism]].
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| * May 15, 1891: [[Pope Leo XIII]] issues encyclical ''[[Rerum novarum]]'' (translation: Of New Things).
| |
| * November 30, 1894: Pope Leo XIII publishes the [[Encyclical]] ''[http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Leo13/l13orient.htm Orientalium Dignitas]'' (On the Churches of the East) safeguarding the importance and continuance of the Eastern traditions for the whole Church.
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| * 1897: [[Thérèse of Lisieux]] dies.
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| * 1898 – Secondo Pia takes the first photographs of the [[Shroud of Turin]].
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|
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|
| ==20th century==
| | |- |
| * 1903–1914:[[Saint]] [[Pope Pius X]] numerous reforms, staunch defender of the faith, introducing frequent communion, promoting [[Gregorian chant]]. Problems with France. He is the most recent Pope to be canonized a saint. Prior to him was [[Pope St. Pius V]].
| | | 1999 |
| * 1914–1918 Pope Benedict XV declares neutrality during World War I. His peace initiatives are rejected by both sides as favoring the other. Massive papal charity in Europe.
| | | Our Hearts Were Burning Within In |
| * 1916: [[Charles I of Austria]] is crowned Emperor of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He is one of the last Catholic monarchs. Charles attempted to negotiate peace between the warring nations during World War I. His attempts at peace are largely ignored.
| | | USCCB |
| * 1917: [[Canon law]] for the Roman Catholic Church published by [[Pope Benedict XV]]. The apparition of [[Our Lady of Fátima]] occurs in Fátima, Portugal over the course of six months ending in the [[Miracle of the Sun]]. This apparition is considered to be among the most important in the Catholic Church.
| | | PCCD |
| * 1918: Persecution of the Roman Catholic Church and especially the [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] in the Soviet Union (until 1985)
| | |- |
| * 1922: Emperor Charles I of Austria dies in exile and poverty in Portugal. Later to become beatified as Blessed Charles.
| |
| * 1925: [[Holy Year]] proclaimed by [[Pope Pius XI]]
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| * 1926: Beginning of [[Persecution of Christians in Mexico|Church persecutions in Mexico]] until 1940 also known as the Cristero War or La Cristiada.
| |
| * March 19, 1927 Foundation of the [[Sisters of the Destitute]] (SD) at Chunungumvely, [[Kerala]] by [[Mar Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly]].
| |
| * October 2, 1928: Saint [[Josemaría Escrivá]] founded [[Opus Dei]], a worldwide organization of lay members of the Catholic Church.
| |
| * February 11, 1929: The [[Lateran Treaty]] is signed by [[Benito Mussolini]] and Cardinal Gasparri establishing the independent State of the [[Vatican City]] and resolving the [[Roman Question]] between Italy and the [[Holy See]] since the seizure of the [[Papal States]] in 1870.
| |
| * October 5, 1929 Death of [[Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly]]
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| * February 12, 1931: [[Vatican Radio]] is set up by [[Guglielmo Marconi]] and inaugurated by Pope [[Pius XI]]. First signal broadcast is in Morse code: ''In nomine Domini, amen''.
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| * 1931–1936: Persecution of the Church in Spain It is estimated that in the course of the [[Red Terror (Spain)]], 6,832 members of the Catholic clergy were killed.<ref>[[Hubert Jedin]], ''Church history'', 619</ref>
| |
| * July 20, 1933: Concordat Between the Holy See and the German Reich signed by [[Pope Pius XII|Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli]] and [[Franz von Papen]] on behalf of [[Pope Pius XI]] and President [[Paul von Hindenburg]], respectively.
| |
| * 1937: ''[[Mit brennender Sorge]]'' [[encyclical]] against [[Nazism|National Socialism]] by [[Pope Pius XI]], written by Cardinals [[Eugenio Pacelli]] and [[Michael von Faulhaber]]
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| * September 1, 1939: Germany invades Poland. Start of the Second World War. The Vatican, after trying to avoid the war, declares neutrality to avoid being drawn into the conflict. Massive Vatican relief intervention for displaced persons, prisoners of war and needy civilians in Europe. In 1939 [[St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne]], Victoria, Australia was finished being built.
| |
| * During World War II: Convents, monasteries, and the Vatican are used to hide Jews and others targeted by the Nazis for extermination. (see [[The Myth of Hitler's Pope]]) St. [[Maximilian Kolbe]] is martyred in Auschwitz concentration camp after volunteering to die in place of a stranger. The Nazis imprison and at times execute Catholic clergy, monks and nuns not compliant to Nazi ideology.
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| * 1943: Encyclical of [[Pope Pius XII]] ''[[Mystici corporis]]'' defining the Catholic Church as the Body of Christ;
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| * 1943: Encyclical ''[[Divino afflante Spiritu]]'', opening biblical research to Catholic scholars
| |
| * 1944: The German Army occupies Rome. [[Adolf Hitler]] proclaims he will respect Vatican neutrality; however several incidents, such as giving aid to downed Allied airmen, nearly cause [[Nazi Germany]] to invade the Vatican. Rome is liberated by the Allies after only a few weeks of occupation.
| |
| * 1950:[[Holy Year]] declared by [[Pope Pius XII]], who announced on December 25, 1950 that the Tomb of Saint Peter had been identified by archeologists underneath Saint Peter Basilica; canonization of [[Pope Pius X]], [[Maria Goretti]]; encyclical ''[[Humani generis]]''
| |
| * 1950: The [[Assumption of Mary]] is defined as dogma by [[Pius XII]]
| |
| * 1954: First [[Marian year]] in Church history proclaimed by Pius XII, who introduced Marian Feast [[Queenship of Mary]]
| |
| * 1960: Senator [[John F. Kennedy]] is elected president, making him the only Roman Catholic president in United States history
| |
| * October 11, 1962: [[Pope John XXIII]] opens the [[Second Vatican Council|Second Ecumenical Vatican Council]]. The 21st [[ecumenical council]] of the Catholic Church emphasized the [[universal call to holiness]] and brought many changes in practices, including an increased emphasis on [[ecumenism]]; fewer rules on penances, fasting and other devotional practices; and initiating a revision of the services, which were to be slightly simplified and made supposedly more accessible by allowing the use of native languages instead of [[Latin]]. Opposition to changes inspired by the Council gave rise to the movement of [[Traditionalist Catholic]]s who disagree with changing the old forms of worship and disagree with the rise of previously condemned philosophies now being adopted by clergy and laity.
| |
| * December 7, 1965: Joint Catholic-Orthodox Declaration of [[Pope Paul VI]] and the Ecumenical Patriarch [[Athenagoras I]]. Mutual excommunication of the Great Schism of 1054 against Catholic and Orthodox is lifted by both parties.
| |
| * December 8, 1965: [[Pope Paul VI]] solemnly closes the Second Vatican Council.
| |
| * 1970: [[Mass of Paul VI|Revision of the Roman Missal]], following on gradual introduction of vernacular languages in celebration of [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]].
| |
| * 1973: Sister [[Agnes Katsuko Sasagawa]] in the remote area of Yuzawadai, near the city of Akita in Japan reports seeing a number of apparitions now known as [[Our Lady of Akita]].
| |
| * August 26, 1978: [[Pope John Paul I]] becomes the first pope to use a double regnal name. He reigns for only 33 days.
| |
| * October 16, 1978: Pope John Paul II becomes the first Polish pope and first non-Italian pope elected in 450 years; influential in overthrowing communism in Europe.
| |
| * 1984: First [[World Youth Day]] instituted by Pope John Paul II celebrated in Rome. Celebrated between Rome and a different city in alternating sequence every year.
| |
| * 1987 [[Marian year]] announced by John Paul II in the encyclical ''[[Redemptoris Mater]]''
| |
| * June 30, 1988: Archbishop [[Marcel Lefebvre]] of the [[Society of St. Pius X]] (SSPX), consecrates four men as bishops at [[Écône]], Switzerland without the express permission of the Pope. Lefebvre et al. automatically incurs excommunication according to canon law. Traditionalist bishops of the SSPX continue to be suspended "a divinis" to this day.<ref>[http://catholiceducation.org/articles/apologetics/ap0072.html Schism of SSPX] Pete Vere, My Journey out of the Lefebvre Schism: All Tradition Leads to Rome, Catholic Education Resource Center, retrieved November 20, 2006</ref>
| |
| * December 31, 1991: The Soviet Union is officially dissolved. Persecuted Catholic Church re-emerges from hiding, especially in the [[Ukraine]] and [[Baltic states]].
| |
| * 1992: The new ''[[Catechism of the Catholic Church]]'' is first published, in Latin and French.
| |
| * 1994: ''[[Ordinatio Sacerdotalis]]'', an Apostolic Letter upholding a prohibition against [[ordination of women]] to the priesthood, is promulgated by Pope [[John Paul II]].
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|
| |
|
| ==21st century==
| | | 2005 |
| [[File:Pope Benedictus XVI january,20 2006 (20).JPG|thumb|255px|left''|[[Benedict XVI]], the first Pope elected in the 21st century'']]
| | | National Directory of Catechesis |
| * April 30, 2000 : Pope John Paul II canonized St. Faustina and designated the Sunday after Easter as Divine Mercy Sunday in the General Roman Calendar, with effect from the following year.
| | | USCCB |
| * January 1, 2001: The 21st century and the new millennium begin. The Church solemnizes the start of the third Christian millennium by extending into part of the year 2001 the jubilee year that it observes at 25-year intervals and that, in the case of the year 2000, it called the Great Jubilee.
| | | PCCD |
| *January 6, 2001: John Paul II issues [[Novo Millennio Ineunte]], a program for the Church in the new millennium, wherein he placed sanctity through a training in prayer as the most important priority of the Catholic Church in consonance with its purpose.
| | |- |
| * January 18, 2002: Former American priest [[John Geoghan]] is convicted of [[Sexual abuse#Child sexual abuse|child molestation]] and sentenced to ten years in prison, as part of the [[Roman Catholic sex abuse cases|ongoing sex abuse scandal]]. The Geoghan case was one of the worst scandals of the Catholic Church in the USA.
| |
| * April 2, 2005: Pope John Paul II dies at the age of 84. His funeral is broadcast to every corner of the globe through the modern media. Millions of Catholic pilgrims journey to Rome to pay final respects.
| |
| * April 19, 2005: German-born Cardinal Joseph Alois Ratzinger is elected by the [[College of Cardinals]] as [[Pope Benedict XVI]], thus becoming the first Pope elected during the 21st century and the [[3rd millennium]].
| |
| * August 18, 2005: Pope Benedict XVI attends the [[World Youth Day]] in [[Cologne]], Germany, his first trip outside Italy.
| |
| * September 12, 2006: [[Pope Benedict XVI]] delivers address on ''Faith, Reason'' in [[University of Regensburg]]. Benedict maintained that in the Western world, to a large degree, only [[positivism|positivistic]] reason and philosophy are valid. A concept of '' reason'' which excludes the divine, is incapable of entering into the dialogue of cultures, according to Benedict.<ref>Benedict XVI, Meeting with the representatives of science in the Aula Magna of the University of Regensburg (September 12, 2006)</ref> He quoted negative views of Emperor [[Manuel II Palaiologos|Manuel II Paleologus]], regarding Islam, which several weeks after it was delivered, created violent reactions among Muslims in several parts of the world.<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/speeches/2006/september/documents/hf_ben-xvi_spe_20060912_university-regensburg_en.html Faith, Reason and the University Memories and Reflections] from official Vatican website, retrieved October 18, 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.zenit.org/english/visualizza.phtml?sid=94748 "Three Stages in the Program of De-Hellenization"] by Pope Benedict XVI, [[Zenit News Agency]], retrieved October 18, 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-pope17sep17,0,5146612.story?coll=la-home-world Pope Is Regretful That His Speech Angered Muslims, Sep. 17, 2006, L.A. Times], retrieved October 18, 2006 {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/09/18/pope.islam.ap/ Al Qaeda threat over pope speech, Sep. 18, 2006, CNN.com] retrieved October 18, 2006 {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>[http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=topNews&storyID=2006-09-18T100352Z_01_L18796129_RTRUKOC_0_US-POPE-ISLAM-QAEDA.xml&WTmodLoc=NewsHome-C1-topNews-1 Qaeda-led group vows "jihad" over Pope's speech, Sep. 18, 2006, Reuters], retrieved October 18, 2006</ref>
| |
| * June 11, 2007 [[Pope Benedict XVI]] reverted the decision of his predecessor regarding papal elections,and restored the traditional two-thirds majority required <ref>Moto Proprio, De Aliquibus Mutationibus, June 11, 2007</ref>
| |
| * July 7, 2007: [[Motu proprio]] [[Summorum Pontificum]] is issued by Pope Benedict XVI explicitly liberating the [[1962 Roman Missal|Roman Missal of 1962]] as an [[extraordinary form of the Roman Rite]]. Hopes of healing the schism between the [[Society of St. Pius X|SSPX]] and the Catholic Church is implied in accompanying letter to the motu proprio.
| |
| * October 28, 2007: Pope Benedict XVI authorizes the largest beatification ceremony in Church history involving [[498 Spanish Martyrs]] who were killed during the Civil War in Spain.
| |
| * May 2008: A solemn declaration agreed on between [[Pope Benedict XVI]] and Muslims, led by Mahdi Mostafavi, stressed that genuine religion is essentially non-violent and that violence can be justified neither by reason nor by faith.<ref>{{cite web |last= Kleiber| first=Reinhard| title =Iran and the Pope Easing Relations | publisher =Quantara |year=2008| url = http://web.archive.org/web/20101231023842/http://www.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-478/_nr-759/i.html| accessdate =June 24, 2008 }}</ref>
| |
| * July 2008: [[Pope Benedict XVI]] participates in Sydney Australia in the [[World Youth Day]] and announces Spain as the country to host the next one.
| |
| *January 2009: The Holy See remitted the excommunications of the bishops of the [[Society of St. Pius X]], which has been criticized for its schimatic nature with the Magisterium
| |
| *February 2013: [[Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI]]
| |
| * March 2013: Jorge Bergoglio elected as [[Pope Francis]] and is the first Latin American and the first Jesuit to be elected Pope.
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|
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|
| ==See also==
| | |- |
| {{Portal|Catholicism|History}}
| | | October 2005 |
| * [[History of the Catholic Church]]
| | | Eleventh Synod of Bishops dealing with the Eucharist |
| * [[History of the papacy]]
| | | Three concerns were addressed: theological [doctrine & catechetical] ethical, and aesthetical. Post-synodal exhortation, [http://w2.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_ben-xvi_exh_20070222_sacramentum-caritatis.html SACRAMENTUM CARITATIS], issued by Pope Benedict XVI. |
| * [[Great Church]]
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| * [[Timeline of Christianity]]
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|
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|
| ==Further reading==
| | |- |
|
| | | 2013 |
| ''The History of the Catholic Church, From the Apostolic Age to the Third Millennium'' James Hitchcock, Ph.D. Ignatius Press, 2012 ISBN 978-I-58617-664-8
| | | Evangelii gaudium |
| | | Apostolic Exhortation (Francis) |
| | | PCCD |
|
| |
|
| http://www.amazon.com/History-Catholic-Church-Apostolic-Millennium/dp/1586176641/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1416773526&sr=8-1&keywords=The+History+of+the+Catholic+Church
| | |- |
| | | year |
| | | event |
| | | detail |
| | | category |
|
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|
| ''Triumph: The Power and the Glory of the Catholic Church.'' Crocker, H.W.
| | |} |
|
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|
| Bokenkotter, Thomas. ''A Concise History of the Catholic Church.'' Revised and expanded ed. New York: Image Books Doubleday, 2005. ISBN 0-385-51613-4
| | See [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church Timeline_of_the_Catholic_ChurchWikipedia] |
| | |
| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| | |
| == External links ==
| |
| * [http://oce.catholic.com/index.php?title=Curricula:_Church_History History of the Catholic Church]
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| * [[orthodoxwiki:Timeline of Church History|Timeline of Church History]] at Orthodoxwiki.
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| {{History of the Roman Catholic Church|uncollapsed}}
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| {{Timeline of religion}}
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| {{History of Catholic theology||collapsed}}
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| {{Catholicism||collapsed}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Timeline of the Catholic Church}}
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| [[Category:History of Roman Catholicism|*]]
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| [[Category:Religion timelines|Catholic Church]]
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